Interventions to Reduce the Problems of Abused Children and Adolescents in Residential Facilities in South Korea: An Integrative Review

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on intervention studies for abused children and adolescent in residential facilities in South Korea (ACARF-K). The goal was to understand the problems they experience, to evaluate the content and effectiveness of interventions applied to them, and to develop evidence-based nursing intervention programs. METHODS: We used four electronic databases to search for relevant articles. 18 studies according to Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method to synthesize the literature. RESULTS: The ACARF-K experienced problems in biophysical, psychological, and sociocultural domains related to attachment impairment. Effective intervention strategies were building trust through empathy and fulfillment of needs, encouraging ACARF-K to express themselves and helping them to clarify emotions in an unthreatening environment, and improving their self-concept through activities in which they experienced achievement. CONCLUSION: Interventions are needed to help restore attachment damage among ACARF-K. The interventions in this study utilized emotional, cognitive, relational, and behavioral therapeutic tools to improve their psychological and social capacities. Future intervention programs for ACARF-K should include these key elements.

Variables asociadas al funcionamiento social en usuarios de hogares y residencias protegidas / Variables associated with the social performance of users in supported housing

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar las variables asociadas al funcionamiento social de usuarios que viven en hogares y residencias protegidas, en particular las características personales y clínicas de los residentes, factores del dispositivo residencial y de las áreas de salud a las que pertenecen. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional cuya muestra estuvo compuesta por 122 residentes y 30 cuidadores de 15 hogares y 6 residencias protegidas. Se evaluó el desempeño social usando la Escala de Habilidades Básicas de la Vida Diaria que consta de 4 subescalas: autocuidado, habilidades domésticas, habilidades comunitarias, actividad y relaciones sociales. Para analizar los datos se utilizó un modelo lineal mixto. Resultados: En las subescalas de autocuidado, habilidades comunitarias y actividades y relaciones sociales, la varianza depende fundamentalmente de las características personales, en tanto en las habilidades domésticas el 47,6% corresponde a características del dispositivo y del área sanitaria. El nivel de restrictividad, el tiempo de permanencia en el dispositivo, el diagnóstico, la edad de los residentes y el apoyo social percibido fueron variables predictoras del funcionamiento social. Conclusión: El funcionamiento social de usuarios que viven en hogares y residencias está determinado, principalmente, por características individuales, sin embargo, variables del dispositivo y del área sanitaria tienen influencia dependiendo del tipo de habilidad social.

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the variables associated with the social performance of users living in supported housing, in particular the personal and clinical characteristics of the residents, factors of the centre and of the health areas to which they belong. Method: Descriptive and correlational study whose sample consisted in 122 residents and 30 caregivers of 15 supported housing and 6 residential housing. Social performance was assessed through the Basic Everyday Living Skills Scale, which consisted of four sub-scales: self-care, domestic skills, community skills and activity and social relationships. In order to analyze the data, a mixed linear model was used. Results: In the sub-scales of self-care, community skills and activities and social relations the variance depends primarily on the personal characteristics. On the other hand, in the domestic skills 47.6% corresponds to centre characteristics and health area. The level of restrictiveness, time of residence in the facility, diagnosis of the users, age of residents and social support received corresponded to the statistically significant variables on the prediction of the social performance. Conclusion: Social performance of the users who live in supported housing is mainly determined by individual characteristics. However, variables of the centre and health area have a different weight depending on the type of social skill.

A Study on Self-reliance and Residential Service Needs of Patients with Chronic Mental Illness / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: Residential services are provided to help patients with chronic mental illness, but those have some problems because of provider focused services and uniformized training. So the purpose of the study was to explore residential needs of patients with the chronic mental illness such as chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: A survey was conducted on 139 mental illness patients using mental health facilities at Ansan city area in South Korea. We investigated their demographic and social characteristics, the degree of self-reliance and residential service needs. RESULTS: More than half of them had the desire for self-reliance, and they needed job support mostly. They were positive about the use of residential facilities and needed daily living skill and social skill training. Also they preferred day rehabilitation in type of facility. And they wanted to operate in a way that they returned home at the weekend after group home. CONCLUSIONS: For facilitating the recovery of patients with chronic mental illness, it would be necessary to provide individualized residential rehabilitation services and to improve existing residential facilities and programs reflected on the patients' needs.

Conocimientos y motivaciones expresadas por las mujeres embarazadas alojadas en el Hogar de Espera Materna Planes de Renderos de Abril a Julio 2017 / Knowledge and motivations expressed by pregnant women housed in the Planes de Renderos Maternity Waiting Home from April to July 2017

Propósito: Generar una movilización social multisectorial para mejorar la accesibilidad de las gestantes a los servicios de salud, a la vez contribuir en conocimientos, motivaciones para lograr un cambio de conducta que pueda favorecer la búsqueda de estos servicios con el propósito de contribuir a la disminución de la mortalidad materna. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal con enfoque Cualitativo, el grupo seleccionado de 20 mujeres embarazadas, la técnica utilizada fue entrevista. Resultados: en relación al conocimiento de los Hogares de Espera Materna se identificó que más de la mitad de las mujeres entrevistadas conocían previo a su ingreso del lugar y señalaron que brindaban una atención favorable para ella y él bebe. Conclusión: la mayoría de las entrevistadas expresaron que si conocen el HEM, sin embargo en la comunidad, no conocen los Hogares de Espera Materna. Recomendación: Diseñar metodologías efectivas para que las estrategias planteadas lleguen hasta el nivel local, así como realizar un seguimiento y monitoreo del cumplimiento de las estrategias de los Hogares de Espera Materna a Nivel Nacional.

Habilidades para la vida como estrategia de promoción de la salud en niños y niñas en riesgo social: programa educativo de enfermería / Life skills as a strategy for promoting health in children at social risk: nursing education program

ResumenIntroducción: El siguiente artículo es el resultado de la investigación realizada para optar por la licenciatura en Enfermería, en la modalidad de práctica dirigida, el cual consistió en un programa educativo desde Enfermería de habilidades para la vida como estrategia de promoción de la salud en niños y niñas en riesgo social del Hogar Vista del Mar en San José, Costa Rica durante el año 2014.Metodología: participaron 23 niños y niñas en edades entre 9 a 11 años (cuantos del personal de la institución). Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa. Primeramente, se realizó un diagnóstico en el que participaron tanto los niños (as) del programa así como personal que labora para la institución. A partir de los resultados obtenidos en el diagnóstico, se diseñó el programa educativo, desarrollado mediante la metodología de taller con siete sesiones y una actividad de cierre en las que se empleó la estrategia de rally. La evaluación del programa se realizó al finalizar cada una de las sesiones, además de una evaluación general al terminar todo el programa (actividad de rally).Resultados: Los resultados fueron analizados a la luz del modelo conceptual de sistema abiertos de la teorizante en enfermería Imogene King, entre los que se destaca la importancia de la implementación y el reforzamiento constante de este tipo de programas que, desde Enfermería, proporcionan herramientas para que los infantes cuenten con un mayor control sobre su cuidado, de modo que implementen medidas para promover su salud de manera integral.Conclusión: Se evidencia la necesidad de reforzar las habilidades para la vida en las poblaciones en condición de riesgo social.

AbstractIntroduction. The following article is the result of research conducted to opt for a degree in nursing, which consisted of an educational program from Nursing life skills as a strategy for promoting health in children at social risk Home Vista del Mar in San Jose, Costa Rica in 2014.Methods. 23 children participated in ages between 9-11 years (how many staff of the institution). A qualitative methodology was applied. First, a diagnosis, which involved both, children and staff working for the institution was performed. From the results of the diagnosis, the education program developed by the methodology workshop with seven sessions and a closing activity in which strategy was employed rally was designed. Program evaluation was performed at the end of each session, along with a general assessment at the end of the entire program (activity rally).Result. The results were analyzed in the light of the conceptual model of open system theorist in nursing Imogene King, including the importance of implementation and constant reinforcement of these types of programs, from Nursing, provide tools for stands that infants have a greater control over their care, so that implement measures to promote their health holistically.Conclusion. The need to strengthen life skills in populations at social risk condition is evident.

Estado de salud oral en discapacitados residentes en la Fundación Pequeño Cottolengo don Orione, Paraguay / Oral health status of disabled residents at the Fundación Pequeño Cottolengo don Orione, Paraguay

Viven con discapacidad aproximadamente 600 millones de individuos, cifra que va en aumento; de éstos el 80 % reside en países de bajos ingresos. En el Paraguay, se estima que aproximadamente el 15 % de la población presenta algún tipo de discapacidad. El objetivo fue describir el estado de salud oral de las personas con discapacidad que residen en la Fundación Pequeño Cottolengo Don Orione de Mariano Roque Alonso, Paraguay 2012. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en 37 niños, jóvenes y adultos en edades comprendidas entre 12 y 68 años. Fueron analizadas las lesiones de caried a través del índice CPO-D, lesiones no cariosas, lesiones de tejidos blandos y la presencia de factores de riesgo como nivel y frecuencia de higiene, placa microbiana, saliva y dieta. El índice CPO-D fue 16,24; se detectó presencia de lesiones no cariosas en 48,65 % y fluorosis en 2,70 %. Se encontraron fracturas a nivel de esmalte en 43,24 % y la higiene oral fue deficiente medido por medio del índice de Loë y Silness. El 24,32 % tenía saliva viscosa; el Índice de placa bacteriana fue de 2,04. Mientras que, en ninguno de los casos los momentos de azúcar superaron tres. El 100 % de la población se cepilla una vez al día por la mañana antes del desayuno. En la población de estudio existen valores elevados en cuanto a caries y dientes perdidos, por tanto, se deben aumentar los programas de concientización en los cuidadores para promover la preservación de los dientes y la salud oral.

Approximately 600 million people worldwide live with disabilities, a figure that is increasing; 80 % of these individuals live in low-income countries. In Paraguay, it is estimated that approximately 15 % of the population has some type of disability. The objective of this study was to describe the state of oral health of people with disabilities who reside in the Fundación Pequeño Cottolengo Don Orione de Mariano Roque Alonso, Paraguay 2012. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 37 children, youth and adults aged between 12 and 68 years. We analyzed carious lesions thorough DMF-T index, lesions involving soft tissue and the presence of risk factors such as hygiene, microbial plaque, saliva and diet. The DMFT index was 16.24; presence of non-carious lesions was detected in 48.65 % and 2.70 % fluorosis. Level enamel fractures were found in 43.24 % and oral hygiene was poor by Loë and Silness index. Of the population studied, 24.32 % had viscous saliva and plaque index was 2.04. While they did not exceed sugar times three in any cases; 100 % of the population brushed once a day in the morning before breakfast. In the study population there are high values of missing and decayed teeth, therefore, awareness programs to promote the preservation of the teeth and oral health should be emphasized.

Concepções sobre a interação com moradores de residências terapêuticas / Conociendo la interacción con los residentes de las residencias terapéuticas / Conceptions about the interaction with residents of therapeutical residences

Objetivamos conhecer as concepções de habitantes de um bairro onde se localizam Residências Terapêuticas (RTs) sobre a interação com os moradores desses serviços, e analisamos com o auxílio da Teoria da Identidade Social e da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Norteamos os procedimentos metodológicos com base na perspectiva etnográfica. Os participantes conhecem os moradores das RTs por apelidos, pelo nome e "de vista", sobretudo a partir da presença destes em estabelecimentos comerciais. A circulação dos moradores pelos espaços públicos do bairro possibilitou o diálogo com os participantes, contudo, restrito aos encontros de passagem: "A gente passa, oi prá lá, oi prá cá". A criação de vínculos entre participantes e moradores coexiste com representações sociais que sustentam uma limitação destes para o diálogo. A "limitação" possui função específica, relacionada aos processos de constituição identitária. É preciso ultrapassar o âmbito dos encontros fortuitos, criando laços mais demorados entre a loucura e a esfera pública.

Se investigan las concepciones de los habitantes de un barrio que tiene residencias terapéuticas, así como la interacción con los residentes. El análisis lo realizaremos con la ayuda de la Teoría de la Identidad Social y la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Los procedimientos metodológicos serán guiados desde la perspectiva etnográfica. Los participantes conocen los residentes por su nombre y "de vista", especialmente con la presencia de éstos en los establecimientos comerciales. El movimiento de los residentes en el barrio favorece este diálogo con los participantes, pero esta conversación se limita a los encuentros casuales. La creación de vínculos entre los participantes y residentes conviven con representaciones sociales que sugieren una limitación de éstos para el diálogo. La "limitación" tiene una función específica relacionada con los procesos de construcción de identidad. Debemos ir más allá del ámbito de los encuentros casuales, es necesario fortalecer esta interacción en el espacio público.

We investigated the conceptions of inhabitants of a neighborhood that has Therapeutic Residences (RTs) about the interaction with residents of RTs, and analyzed with the aid of social identity theory and the theory of social representations. The methodological procedures are guided by ethnographic perspective. Participants know the residents by name and "by sight", especially with the presence of these in commercial establishments. The movement of residents on the neighborhood has favored the participants for this dialogue, but this conversation was restricted to brief encounters: "we walk by, say hi here and there". The creation of linkages between participants and residents coexists with the representations that enable the lack of dialogue in everyday interaction. The social representation of the RTs dwellers as "limited" have a specific and important function to the participants, related to the social identity. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the possibility for this interaction in public space.

Adaptation Process to Group Home Living by Older Adults

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the adaptation process of older people to group homes. METHODS: Participants were twenty older adults aged 65 or older who were living in group homes. Data were collected from January to April, 2015. In-depth unstructured interviews were conducted with individual participants. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method. RESULTS: From open coding, 100 concepts, 38 sub-categories, and 14 categories were identified. Analysis showed that the central phenomenon of the adaptation process of older people to group homes was ‘gradually giving up’. Causal conditions were ‘good-for-nothing body’, contextual conditions were ‘pushed’, ‘beleaguered’. Intervening conditions were ‘reliable pillar: children’, ‘having affection (情) more than having it from family: facility workers’, ‘comfort - like feeling at home’, ‘relieved: system’. Action/interaction strategies were ‘facing the unfamiliar reality’, ‘building relationships with other people’, ‘accepting reality’. Consequences were ‘a good place, more than expected’, ‘hope for the remaining days’, ‘waiting for a peaceful death’. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of the experience of the adaptation process of older people to group homes. The findings from this study can be used as basic data to establish policies to increase the number of small scale facilities which can help older adults adapt easily to the facilities.

Población infanto-juvenil alojada en hogares de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires que transitó por un programa de atención comunitaria durante 2010 / Children and youth population living in institutions in Buenos Aires City and covered by a community care program in 2010

INTRODUCCIÓN: los niños y adolescentes institucionalizados representan un grupo vulnerable. Es importante conocer su situación y necesidades específicas, así como losrecursos requeridos para su adecuada atención. OBJETIVOS: Explorar las características y la trayectoria institucional de los niños y adolescentes institucionalizados en hogares convivenciales, terapéuticos y maternales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). Explorar el abordaje que recibieron desde el campode la salud mental, en particular en el Programa de Atención Comunitaria (PAC) durante 2010. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo-exploratorio de tipo cualitativo. Se analizaron variables vinculadas a la trayectoria institucional y al abordaje recibido desde el campo de la salud mental, a partir de la exploración de lashistorias clínicas y de entrevistas semiestructuradas a trabajadores de hogares. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 29 casos de niños y adolescentes alojados en hogares de CABA. El estudio evidenció prolongados períodos de permanencia, insuficiencia de recursos para la adecuada atención, obstáculos para la inserción social/comunitaria, dificultades en el trabajo de vinculación familiar y en el logro del egreso, situaciones de tensión y conflicto entre las diversas instituciones intervinientes y barreras de accesibilidad a los servicios de salud mental, pero un abordaje eficaz en el PAC. CONCLUSIONES: La restitución de los derechos vulnerados es una cuenta pendiente. Es indispensable adecuar las prácticas a la legislación local y a los postulados de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño. También resulta prioritario capacitar al recurso humano que asiste a esta población.

INTRODUCTION: children and adolescents living in institutions represent a vulnerable group. It is important to know their situation and specific needs, as well as theresources required for a proper care. OBJECTIVES: To explore the characteristics and institutional path of children and adolescents living in cohabiting, therapeutic and maternalhomes in Buenos Aires city. To explore the approach they received from the field of mental health particularly in theCommunity Care Program (CCP) in 2010. METHODS: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory design was used, with an intentional non-probabilistic sample. The institutionaltrajectory and the approach received from the field of mental health were analyzed by exploring medical records and conducting semi-structured interviews to workers homes. RESULTS: A total of 29 cases of children and adolescents living in Buenos Aires Dwelling Homes were analyzed. The study showed long periods of institutionalization, insufficient resources for the proper care, obstacles for social/communityintegration, difficulties regarding family bonds and exit from the institution, tension and conflicts between institutions involved, and barriers to mental health services, but an efficient approach in the CCP. CONCLUSIONS: The restitution of violated rights is still an ongoing issue. Practices should be established according to local law and to the principles set forth by the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Thetraining of human resources devoted to this population is also a priority.

Violências e riscos psicossociais: narrativas de adolescentes abrigados em Unidades de Acolhimento do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Violence and psychosocial risks: narratives of adolescents living in shelters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Este artigo é parte do resultado do Projeto de Extensão Juventude, Desafiliação e Violência, desenvolvido no Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro em 2008. Tem como objetivo apresentar, a partir da voz de adolescentes, experiências de violências vividas em três diferentes contextos: família, rua e unidades de acolhimento (UA). Foram entrevistados 30 adolescentes, que estavam abrigados em cinco UA, no município do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizou-se o enfoque qualitativo, a fim de explorar uma realidade pouco conhecida, buscando o entendimento contextual a partir da visão dos atores sociais. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, este estudo recorreu à contribuição da história oral, como metodologia para coleta dos dados, e à teoria da comunicação, como método de análise para articular, através das narrativas dos adolescentes, as vivências objetivas/subjetivas, estabelecendo categorias e pontos de análise que atravessam estas vivências. Os resultados apontaram que os abrigados estão expostos a diversos riscos psicossociais relacionados às violências vividas nos cenários abordados. Por fim, percebeu-se a necessidade do estabelecimento de uma rede intersetorial eficaz visando à integralidade da assistência aos adolescentes.

This article contains part of the results of the "Youth, Disaffiliation and Violence" extension project developed at the Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in 2008. It seeks to present experiences of violence experienced in three different contexts, namely in the family home, on the streets and in shelter units (SU), from the standpoint of adolescents. Thirty adolescents in five SUs in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed. A qualitative approach was used in order to examine a relatively unknown reality, seeking a contextual understanding from the perspective of the social actors. To achieve this goal, this study sought the contribution of oral reports as the methodology for data collection. The theory of communication was the method of analysis, through the objective/subjective narratives of experiences of adolescents, establishing categories and points of analysis that permeate these experiences. The results revealed that youths housed in shelters are exposed to various psychosocial risks related to violence experienced in the environments visited. Lastly, the need for setting up an intersectorial network aiming at providing effective and comprehensive care for adolescents was highlighted.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos mayores de hogares geriátricos, Medellín, Colombia, 2012 / Health Related Quality of Life in Elderly of Nursing Homes, Medellin-Colombia, 2012 / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em idosos de asilos geriátricos, Medellín-Colômbia, 2012

Introducción: Los adultos mayores de Medellín presentan condiciones de vulnerabilidad económica, social, ambiental y de salud general; en los hogares geriátricos se presenta mayor deterioro de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Objetivo: Comparar el perfil de CVRS de adultos mayores de hogares geriátricos públicos y privados de Medellín. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal correlacional en 220 adultos mayores seleccionados mediante muestreo probabilístico. Se empleó el WHOQOL-BREF y la ficha clínica de cada individuo. Se evaluó la fiabilidad de la escala mediante alfa de Cronbach, consistencia interna y validez discriminante mediante correlaciones de Pearson, los análisis de CVRS se basaron en medidas de resumen y frecuencia, pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas y regresión lineal. Resultados: Se halló HTA en un 50%, diabetes mellitus en un 23,6%, dislipidemias en un 22,3% y osteoporosis en un 15%. El WHOQOL-BREF presentó excelente fiabilidad, consistencia interna y validez discriminante; el mejor puntaje fue el de salud psicológica y el peor el de relaciones sociales. No se hallaron diferencias en la CVRS según el tipo de hogar geriátrico y sus principales factores fueron la satisfacción con el apoyo familiar y del hogar, y la participación en grupos sociales. Conclusión: Se identificaron algunos factores determinantes de la CVRS que evidencian su muldimensionalidad; información relevante para investigaciones posteriores y para la implementación de políticas de salud pública y acciones en clínica.

Introduction: Elderly in Medellin present conditions of economic, social, environmental and general health vulnerability; in nursing homes shows further deterioration of health related quality of life (HRQOL). Objective: To compare the profile of HRQOL of adults over public and private nursing homes in Medellin. Materials and methods: Across-sectional correlational study in 220 elderly selected using probability sampling. WHOQOL-BREF was used and the clinical data of each individual. We assessed scale reliability using Cronbach's alpha, internal consistency and discriminant validity using Pearson correlations, analyzes of HRQOL were based on summaries measures and frequencies, non-parametric and parametric tests and lineal regression. Results: We found 50% hypertension, 23.6% diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia 22.3% and 15% osteoporosis. The WHOQOL-BREF showed excellent reliability, internal consistency and discriminant validity, the best score was the psychological health and worst in social relationships. We found no differences in HRQOL by type of nursing home. The main factors related to HRQL were satisfaction with family support and participation in social groups. Conclusion: We identified some determinants of HRQOL, this demonstrated its multidimensionality; relevant information for further research and for the implementation of public health policies and clinical actions.

Introdução: os idosos de Medellín apresentam condições de vulnerabilidade econômica, social, ambiental e de saúde geral; nos asilos geriátricos apresenta-se maior deterioração da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS). Objetivo: comparar o perfil de QVRS de idosos de asilos geriátricos públicos e privados em Medellín. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal correlacional em 220 idosos selecionados mediante amostragem probabilística. Empregou-se o WHOQOL-BREF e a ficha clínica de cada indivíduo. Avaliou-se a fiabilidade da escala mediante alfa de Cronbach, consistência interna e validez discriminante mediante correlações de Pearson, as análises de QVRS basearam-se em medidas de resumo e frequência, provas paramétricas e não paramétricas e regressão lineal. Resultados: encontrou-se HTA do 50%, diabetes mellitus 23,6%, dislipidemias 22,3% e osteoporose 15%. O WHOQOL-BREF apresentou excelente fiabilidade, consistência interna e validez discriminante; a melhor pontuação foi da saúde psicológica y a pior em relações sociais. Não se encontraram diferenças na QVRS segundo o tipo de asilo geriátrico. Os principais fatores relacionados à QVRS foram a satisfação com o apoio familiar e do lar, e a participação em grupos sociais. Conclusão: identificaram-se alguns fatores determinantes da QVRS que evidenciam sua multidimensionalidade; informação relevante para pesquisadores posteriores e para a implementação de políticas de saúde pública e ações em clínica.

A Study on the Patients with Hansen's Disease who Experienced Suicidal Urge and Overcame Suicide / 나학회지

This research analyzed the structural dynamics about neglected and isolated patients with Hansen's disease who experienced suicidal urge and overcame suicide. The research found the way to prevent them from killing themselves by searching what triggered the suicidal urge and how they got over the temptation. The participants were 6 members who lived in the group home. They had been excluded from the community and their family. They were trafficked for forced labor from their group home. This experience had caused suicidal urge before they came to the group home. To know how they overcame suicidal urge, they were interviewed by using semi-structured opened ended questions. According to the interview, there are four reasons that stopped the suicidal urge. The participants said that the first reason to stop thinking about death is the belief. This is a reliance on almighty God. Because the place where they live together is run by the Catholic Foundation, the community spirit and their belief are thought as the particular reason. Second, they got an economical and emotional support from their group home. Their group home provided food, clothing, and shelter, which were never provided from their family and society. By living together with other patients, they strengthened their emotional relationship and made a new social community. Next, they were getting generous when they belonged here. They accepted social prejudice without confronting unreasonable issues. Last, they changed their aim of life. They decided to live happily for good. They thought it could be the only way to take revenge to people who ignored and excluded them from the society. That is, they found the certain goal of their life by making new social relationship from the group home which could be called their real home. Also, they were helping one another in their community in various ways. As a result, this facility provided emotional and financial support and cooperating systems to people who were living together. From the investigation going along, social relationship is thought as the main factor of overcoming suicide. So, it is necessary to build social relationship to interact with other people who are in the same oven. It is also important to make well established motional and financial support from the society. On the basis of data furnished by this research, it is essential to develop infrastructure for overcoming suicide of the neglected people beside patients with Hansen's disease.

Epidemiologie moleculaire des betalactamases a spectre elargi produites par des Enterobacteriaceae d'origine fecale isolees chez les habitants de residences estudiantines a l'Universite de Kinshasa (RDC)

Objectif : Determiner l'epidemiologie moleculaire des Enterobacteriaceae productrices des betalactamases a spectre elargi (E-BLSE) chez les habitants de residence estudiantines a l'Universite de Kinshasa. Methodes : Des echantillons de selles preleves chez 516 etudiants ont ete examines pendant la periode du 15 novembre 2005 au 30 avril 2006. A l'aide de la galerie API 20E; nous avons pu identifier les differentes souches d'enterobacteries. La production de BLSE a ete recherchee par le test de synergie en double disque; puis confirmee et caracterisee par la focalisation isoelectrique; la PCR et le sequencage des genes de resistance. Un questionnaire a permis de recueillir les informations sur la demographie et les antecedents d'antibiotherapie des sujets inclus dans l'etude. Resultats : La frequence des E- BLSE etait de 17;8chez ces etudiants. Aucune correlation n'a ete notee entre un antecedent d'antibiotherapie et la presence d'E-BLSE. Parmi les E-BLSE isolees; Escherichia coli etait l'espece majoritaire (65); suivi de Klebsiella pneumoniae (26) etn d'Enterobacter cloaceae (5;4). CTX-M-15 etait l'ESBL predominante (29); suivie de CTX-M-28 (19;6); TEM- 68 (16;8); TEM-104 (9;3); CTX-M-3 (9;3); CTX-M-n 22 (4;7) ; SHV-12 (4;7); TEM-168 (1;9); TEM-144 (0;9); SHV-5 (0;9); SHV-2 (0;9); CTX-M-34 (0;9); CTX-M-62 (0;9). CTX-M-15 etait presente dans toutes les souches d'Escherichia coli isolees. Conclusion : Cette etude est; a notre connaissance; la premiere sur l'epidemiologie et la caracterisation des BLSE en RDC. La frequence des E-BLSE dans les residences estudiantines de l'Universite de Kinshasa; ainsi que la presence d'une grande variete de BLSE; justifieraient l'extension de ce type d'enquete dans la communaute et en milieu hospitalier; afin d'evaluer l'ampleur reelle du probleme et de definir des strategies adequates de pharmacovigilance et de lutte contre les bacteries multiresistantes aux antibiotiques

The Unwed Teenage Mothers' Lived Experience of Hope in a Group Home: Using Parse's Research Methodology / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to discover the structure of the unwed teenage mothers' lived experience of hope using Parse's research methodology. METHODS: Participants were 7 unwed teenage mothers in one group home. The data were collected by dialogical engagement and analyzed through extraction-synthesis and heuristic interpretation process. RESULTS: The unwed teenage mothers were very troubled over the thought of aborting their babies after they found themselves pregnant. They decided to go through with the birth and give their babies up for adoption as they recognized that a baby's life was precious. They felt the joy of love for the baby and the sorrow of separation at the same time. They spent much time uncomfortably concealing being pregnant but after they shared their pain and sorrow with significant others they became more stabile. Their desire to make a new life increased gradually and they tried to find their own way. They were proud of themselves for overcoming the pain of childbirth and decided to make a good life. CONCLUSION: Having compared the structure of the unwed teenage mothers' lived experience of hope with Parse's human becoming theory, five concepts were identified, such as valuing, connecting- separating, revealing-concealing, powering and transforming.

The Unwed Teenage Mothers' Lived Experience of Hope in a Group Home: Using Parse's Research Methodology / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to discover the structure of the unwed teenage mothers' lived experience of hope using Parse's research methodology. METHODS: Participants were 7 unwed teenage mothers in one group home. The data were collected by dialogical engagement and analyzed through extraction-synthesis and heuristic interpretation process. RESULTS: The unwed teenage mothers were very troubled over the thought of aborting their babies after they found themselves pregnant. They decided to go through with the birth and give their babies up for adoption as they recognized that a baby's life was precious. They felt the joy of love for the baby and the sorrow of separation at the same time. They spent much time uncomfortably concealing being pregnant but after they shared their pain and sorrow with significant others they became more stabile. Their desire to make a new life increased gradually and they tried to find their own way. They were proud of themselves for overcoming the pain of childbirth and decided to make a good life. CONCLUSION: Having compared the structure of the unwed teenage mothers' lived experience of hope with Parse's human becoming theory, five concepts were identified, such as valuing, connecting- separating, revealing-concealing, powering and transforming.

Hogar infantil de tratamiento para niños con trastornos de conducta leves a moderados / Foster home for children with mild and moderate behavioral problems

Se presenta el modo de trabajo llevado a cabo desde hace diez años en un hogar para niños (varones) con trastornos de conducta leves a moderados que presentan diferentes trastornos mentales graves. Un denominador común es la presencia de familias disfuncionales, ausentes o expulsivas, en las que se registran altos niveles de violencia ejercida sobre estos niños. Se describe someramente el abordaje utilizado y se ilustra con una viñeta clínica.

A methodology for working with children and adolescents with disruptive behavior is presented. This program has been in use since 1998 in a boarding home for boys in Buenos Aires. A common issue in this sample is the presence of non-functional families with high levels of violence between their members.

Violência doméstica e de gênero: perfil sociodemográfico e psicossocial de mulheres abrigadas / Domestic and gender violence: sociodemographic and psychosocial profile of sheltered women

Introdução: A violência contra a mulher tem sido considerada uma violação dos direitos humanos e um importante problema de saúde pública, tanto no que se refere aos cuidados, quanto com as relações de gênero que permeiam o fenômeno. Após este reconhecimento, serviços de atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência foram criados no âmbito das políticas públicas, entre eles os abrigos para mulheres que sofreram violência doméstica e se encontram em risco. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e psicossocial de usuárias de um destes abrigos da cidade de São Paulo. Método: estudo quantiqualitativo realizado por meio de consulta aos prontuários da instituição. Foram coletados dados de natureza sociodemográfica, de violência, de saúde e aspectos do abrigamento de 72 mulheres atendidas no período de 2001 a 2005. Resultados: A violência perpassa todas as faixas de idade (17 a 46 anos) e tempos de união. A predominância de escolaridade está no ensino fundamental. 66 por cento das mulheres mantinha relacionamentos estáveis, o que aponta para a maior incidência da violência contra a mulher no espaço doméstico e conjugal. 40,3 por cento das mulheres eram donas de casa quando entraram no abrigo. Os tipos de violência mais relatados foram a física, a psicológica e a sexual. 86,1 por cento das mulheres recebeu acompanhamento jurídico, dos quais 43,5 por cento eram processos criminais, 5 por cento familiares e 46,5 por cento ambos. A maioria dos tratamentos foi de natureza psicológica. Após o abrigamento, 51,4 por cento das mulheres iniciaram vida nova e/ou retornaram para a família e 27,8 por cento retornou para o companheiro. As mulheres que iniciaram vida nova apresentaram relacionamento interpessoal adequado, adesão à proposta do abrigo e condições para o desligamento. As mulheres que retornaram para os parceiros, na maioria não aderiram à proposta do abrigo e não apresentavam condições para o desligamento. Os motivos para retorno parecem estar...

Estructura organizativa y principios de gestion en hogares de adolescentes en el Servicio Departamental de Gestion Social (SEDEGES) Oruro, segundo semestre 2004 / sss

El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar deficiencias y bondades para plantear modelos de gestión eficientes. Se identificaron deficiencias en conocimientos de la misión, visión, estructura por la mayoría de los funcionarios administrativos, directivos y operativos. No se planifican actividades, no se cumplen cronogramas existe mucha movilidad funcionaria, siendo deficiente el proceso administrativo y de gestión. Se propone un modelo descentralizado y de gestión, participativo en todos los niveles, asegurando continuidad en los procesos iniciados, buscando estanderes de calidad adecuados para una correcta y sólida formación de estos adolescentes...

Problematic Behaviors recognized by Caregiver in Demented Older Adults / 재활간호학회지

Behavioral symptoms are frequent and problematic components of dementia. The aim of this study was to detect behavioral problem of the 25 item of dementia problem behaviour(DPB)assesment scale for demented older adults. Seventy-three patients with dementia staying in the day care center, group home, dementia hospital, nursing home were recruited data on problematic behavior obtained through interviews with their caregiver during 2 months from March to May 2004. Results shows that problematic behaviors common occurring in 95% of subjects. The most frequently exhibited problematic behaviors were repetitive movement(1.05), repetitive questions(1.03), restlessness(1.0). indifference(0.97). shouting/screaming(0.92). Problematic Behaviors of the demented older adults were closely associated to the distress for caregiver. Most distressful ones for caregivers were repetitive questions(1.46), repetitive movement(1.42), shouting/ screaming (1.42), indifference(1.41). restlessness(1.41). Problematic Behaviors of the demented older adults were divided into six subdivisions, among those restless behavior was positively correlated with aggressive behavior, nervous symptom and psychotic symptom. and then nervous symptom was interrelated to psychotic symptom(p<0.01). This study has limitation that field study data were derived from various primary caregivers.

Estado nutricional y enteroparasitosis en una escuela hogar de la ciudad de Corrientes / Nutritional conditions and enteroparasitosis in the home school of the Corrientes city

Todas las criaturas vivientes deben captar desde su medio ambiente nutrientes para su desarrollo, reproducción y mantenimiento. Como enfermedad nutricional, la anemia en los niños ocupa uno de los primeros lugares. La pobreza, practicas inadecuadas de alimentación infantil, analfabetismo, políticas de alimentación inadecuada, saneamiento ambiental y parasitosis, son factores predisponentes. La gran difusión y alta frecuencia de las Enteroparasitosis constituyen un problema médico importante en los países tropicales y subtropicales. En nuestro medio los antecedentes registrados indican índices crecientes. Se plantearon como objetivos determinar la prevalencia de los Enteroparasitos, su relación con el estado nutricional y anémico en niños internos en la Escuela Hogar Juan D. Perón. De 345 niños internos se tomaron al azar 130 clínicamente sanos según el informe médico. Se realizó un examen de laboratorio (Hemograma y Coproparasitológico seriado). De los 130 niños estudiados, 105 (80,8 por ciento) presentaron infección por Enteroparasitos. Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli y Giardia lamblia con 67 (51,5 por ciento), 40 (30,8 por ciento) y 23 (17,7 por ciento) casos respectivamente fueron los mas encontrados. Del total de niños 85 (65,4 por ciento) resultaron anémicos y 15 bordeline (11,5 por ciento). De los niños anémicos, 79 (92,9 por ciento) presentaron infección por Enteroparasitos. Nutricionalmente la mayoría de los niños fueron eutróficos (102), encontrándose anemia en 69 (67,6 por ciento) casos. Los elevados índices planteados pueden originarse en el deterioro de la situación socioeconómica en los últimos tiempos en nuestra región. La mayoría de los niños anémicos resultaron ser eutróficos y presentaron Enteroparasitosis, se atribuye esta situación a una deficiente alimentación y decadente educación sanitaria. El mayor porcentaje de niños anémicos autróficos podría deberse a la falta de atención nutricional por parte de las personas que se ocupan de los niños. El elevado porcentaje de niños anémicos y con Enteroprasitos encontrados demanda impostergables acciones de todos los niveles para garantizar el derecho a que nuestros niños crezcan sanos. Se sugieren medidas preventivas